Thunderbolt 5 is the first big leap in wired connectivity weโve had in years. It doubles the bandwidth of Thunderbolt 4 from 40Gbps to 80Gbps, and adds a new 120Gbps โBandwidth Boostโ mode for display-heavy setups, all while staying backward compatible with existing Thunderbolt and USB-C devices.
If youโre considering a Thunderbolt 5 dock for your MacBook or desktop, youโre probably asking questions like:
- Whatโs the difference between Thunderbolt 5 and Thunderbolt 4 / USB-C?
- Is it worth upgrading if I mostly do everyday tasks?
- How much faster is it in real-world workflows like video editing or 10GbE NAS?
- From a future-proof perspective, is this a smart investment?
This guide answers those questions directly, from the perspective of people who design both Thunderbolt 4 and Thunderbolt 5 docks for Mac.
TL;DR โ Should you upgrade to Thunderbolt 5?
- For everyday MacBook users (browsing, office apps, video streaming):
You wonโt notice a big difference today. Thunderbolt 4 or a good USB-C MacBook dock is still more than enough.
- For video editors, 3D artists, photographers, and audio pros using fast external SSDs and multiple high-res displays:
Thunderbolt 5 can remove the storage bottleneck and give you more headroom for 6K/8K and high-refresh displays. A Thunderbolt 5 dock is a meaningful upgrade.
- For users with 10GbE NAS or multi-user studio networks:
Thunderbolt 5 gives you enough bandwidth to run full-speed 10GbE networking and high-performance external storage at the same time.
- From a 3โ5 year future-proofing perspective:
If you plan to keep your dock and display setup longer than your current MacBook, a Thunderbolt 5 dock gives you more room to grow into upcoming Macs, 6K/8K monitors, and faster SSDs.
If you only do light work, you can safely wait.
If your workflow already pushes Thunderbolt 4 to its limits, Thunderbolt 5 is where the bottlenecks finally start to disappear.
1. Whatโs the difference between Thunderbolt 5 and Thunderbolt 4 / USB-C?
Short answer:
Thunderbolt 5 doubles the baseline bandwidth of Thunderbolt 4 (80Gbps vs 40Gbps), adds up to 120Gbps โBandwidth Boostโ for displays, increases PCIe data throughput for external SSDs and GPUs, and still uses the same USB-C connector with full backward compatibility.
The connector looks the same โ but the highway got wider
All of these standards can use a USB-Cโshaped port, which is why theyโre so easy to confuse:
- Thunderbolt 5 โ 80Gbps bidirectional, up to 120Gbps for displays, PCIe Gen 4 x4 (up to 64Gbps for data), supports high-end multi-display and ultra-fast storage.
- Thunderbolt 4 โ 40Gbps bidirectional, PCIe throughput up to 32Gbps, typically supports dual 4K or a single 8K display.
- USB4 โ 20โ40Gbps depending on implementation; some ports behave similarly to Thunderbolt 4, others are slower.
- USB-C (USB 3.2, etc.) โ 5โ20Gbps, good for general peripherals but easy to bottleneck with storage and high-resolution displays.
So while the ports and cables may look identical, what happens over the wire is very different.
Quick comparison: Thunderbolt 5 vs Thunderbolt 4 vs USB4
| Feature / Spec | Thunderbolt 5 | Thunderbolt 4 | USB4 (40Gbps) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bi-directional Bandwidth | 80Gbps (Boosts up to 120Gbps) | 40Gbps | 40Gbps |
| Bandwidth Boost Mode | โ
Supported (Intelligently adjusts to 120Gbps video / 40Gbps data) | โ Not Supported | โ Not Supported |
| Display Support | Triple 4K @ 144Hz Dual 6K Single 8K HDR | Dual 4K @ 60Hz Single 8K @ 30Hz | Varies by Host (Typically Dual 4K @ 60Hz) |
| PCIe Data Throughput | 64Gbps (Ideal for maxing out NVMe SSDs) | 32Gbps | Optional / Varies (Max 32Gbps) |
| Power Delivery (Charging) | Up to 240W (Native PD 3.1 Support) | Up to 100W (PD 3.0 Standard) | Varies (Up to 240W possible, but rare) |
*Actual display support is always limited by what your computerโs GPU and firmware allow, not just the dock.
Why this matters for docks
For a Thunderbolt 5 dock (like the FusionDock Max 2), that extra bandwidth can be split among:
- Multiple 4K/6K/8K displays
- One or more ultra-fast NVMe SSDs
- 10GbE networking
โฆwithout everything fighting over the same 40Gbps โpipeโ like on Thunderbolt 4.
With Thunderbolt 4 docks, you often have to choose:
fast storage or multiple high-end displays.
Thunderbolt 5 finally makes โboth at onceโ realistic for power users.
2. What is Thunderbolt 5 Bandwidth Boost and how does it work?
Short answer:
Bandwidth Boost is an intelligent mode that temporarily reallocates link bandwidth to favour display traffic, increasing one direction up to 120Gbps when needed, instead of keeping a fixed 40/40 or 80/80 split.
Think of it as a smart highway for your data
The easiest way to understand Bandwidth Boost is to picture the Thunderbolt cable as a highway:
- There are four lanes in total.
- In normal operation, you get two lanes in each direction, for balanced 80Gbps (40Gbps each way).
- This is ideal for typical data transfers: files going back and forth, docks talking to the host, etc.
Now imagine you plug in:
- A large 8K monitor, or
- Multiple 4K/6K monitors at high refresh rates
Suddenly, thereโs a โvideo rush hourโ โ a huge amount of display traffic needs to flow from the computer out to your dock and monitors. If you kept the lanes perfectly balanced, youโd risk:
- Lower refresh rates
- Forced lower resolutions
- Or simply not being able to drive certain combinations of monitors at all
The โreversible laneโ idea
Bandwidth Boost is like changing one of the incoming lanes into an outgoing lane:
- Instead of 2 lanes out + 2 lanes in (80Gbps total)
- The link temporarily switches to 3 lanes out + 1 lane in, giving:
- Up to 120Gbps out (video)
- 40Gbps back in (data)
Your displays get the extra bandwidth they need, while a smaller but still high-speed lane handles return traffic (e.g. USB devices, storage acknowledgements, etc.).
You donโt have to toggle anything manually. The switch happens automatically at the controller level whenever your display configuration demands it.
3. What are the real-world differences between Thunderbolt 5 and Thunderbolt 4 / USB-C?
Short answer:
For serious creative and technical workflows, Thunderbolt 5 doesnโt just benchmark higherโit changes whatโs realistic:
- External NVMe SSDs can reach ~5,000โ6,000 MB/s instead of hitting a ~2,800โ3,000 MB/s ceiling on Thunderbolt 4.
- You can run full-speed 10GbE networking and still have plenty of bandwidth left for high-res displays and fast storage.
- Triple-display and high-refresh 4K setups become far more reliable through a single Thunderbolt 5 dock.
Video editors & creatives: the end of the external drive bottleneck
For years, many workflows have looked like this:
- 4K, 6K, or 8K footage stored on an external NVMe SSD
- Dock plugged into a Thunderbolt 4 port
- After a point, the dock became the bottleneck, not the SSD
Even if your SSD could theoretically do 7,000 MB/s, a Thunderbolt 4 link often capped real-world throughput around 2,800โ3,000 MB/s once you add displays and other devices.
With a Thunderbolt 5 dock:
- PCIe bandwidth increases, so single NVMe drives can realistically hit ~5,000โ6,000 MB/s in supported enclosures.
- You can scrub multiple streams of high-bit-rate footage directly from external storage with far fewer dropped frames.
- Big ingest/backup jobs (e.g. copying terabytes of footage at the end of a shoot) become noticeably shorter.
For editors and colorists, that means:
- Faster media import, conform, and backup
- Less time waiting on progress bars
- More room to stack effects and nodes while working off external drives
10GbE NAS & collaborative workflows
If youโre using a 10GbE NAS for shared projects, Thunderbolt 4 can already push close to 1,000 MB/s in ideal conditionsโbut only if thatโs all youโre doing.
Once you also try to:
- Run multiple high-resolution displays
- Use fast external storage
- Connect additional USB devices
โฆthe single 40Gbps pipe starts to get crowded.
With Thunderbolt 5:
- Thereโs enough bandwidth for full-speed 10GbE plus high-speed storage and monitors.
- Your dock can be the central hub for: One cable to the MacBook, 10GbE cable to the NAS, one or more NVMe SSDs, and multiple displays.
- Youโre far less likely to see random slowdowns just because you added โone more thingโ to the setup.
For studios, teams, and power users, this is where Thunderbolt 5 really starts to feel like a different class of infrastructure.
Multi-display & high-refresh setups
Dock makers are already shipping Thunderbolt 5 docks that support:
- Triple 4K @ 144Hz on compatible hosts
- Dual 6K or 8K configurations (especially on Windows workstations)
- High-refresh 4K gaming or color-critical monitors
In practice, that means:
- Fewer compromises like โdrop one monitor to 30Hzโ
- Easier support for multiple 4K/6K displays plus high-refresh gaming/preview monitors
- Less worry that your dock is the reason a certain display combo โjust wonโt workโ
On macOS, your actual display limits still depend on the chip inside your Mac (M-series base vs Pro vs Max/Ultra). For best results, always check Appleโs latest โHow many displays can be connected to MacBook Proโ documentation for your exact chip.
4. Is it worth upgrading to Thunderbolt 5 if I mainly use my MacBook for casual tasks?
Short answer:
If your MacBook life is mostly web, email, office apps, streaming, and the occasional light photo edit, Thunderbolt 5 is nice to have, but not a must-have. You probably wonโt see a big day-to-day difference versus a good Thunderbolt 4 or USB-C MacBook dock.
Everyday workloads rarely saturate Thunderbolt 4
For casual use, the bottlenecks usually are:
- Your internet connection
- The apps and services you use
- Sometimes Wi-Fi, not your wired dock
Even with a Thunderbolt 4 dock, you already get:
- Comfortable support for one or two 4K displays
- Plenty of bandwidth for webcams, keyboards, external drives, and audio gear
- Enough headroom that most people never hit a consistent limit
Upgrading to Thunderbolt 5 for this kind of usage is like buying a hypercar for a city commute: the engineering is impressive, but the real-world benefit is minimal.
When a Thunderbolt 5 dock still makes sense for casual users
There are a few exceptions where you might still choose a Thunderbolt 5 dock, even if your workload is light:
- You want a โbuy once, use across future Macsโ setup and plan to upgrade to a Thunderbolt 5 MacBook later.
- Youโre building a long-term desk setup with 6K displays or multiple 4K monitors and donโt want to worry about bandwidth limits.
- You work in a mixed environment where your dock may be shared with more demanding users (e.g. a studio or office hot desk).
In those cases, Thunderbolt 5 is less about raw speed today and more about avoiding limitations tomorrow.
5. From a future-proofing perspective, is a Thunderbolt 5 dock a smart upgrade?
Short answer:
If you see your dock as a 3โ5 year investment, not a 6-month accessory, Thunderbolt 5 is the safer bet. Macs and monitors will keep getting more capable; a Thunderbolt 5 dock is built to grow with them.
Mac roadmap: Thunderbolt 5 is the new high-end baseline
Appleโs recent Macs are already shipping with Thunderbolt 5 on higher-end models, including:
- 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro with M4 Pro / M4 Max
- 2025 Mac Studio models
- Mac mini configurations M4 Pro chips
Over time, Thunderbolt 5 will trickle down to more systems, just as Thunderbolt 4 did. A dock you buy today may outlive two or three laptop generations.
If you buy a Thunderbolt 5 dock now:
- It still works perfectly with your current Thunderbolt 4 MacBook (at Thunderbolt 4 speeds).
- Itโs ready to unlock the full bandwidth once you switch to a Thunderbolt 5 Mac.
Displays are moving toward 6K, 8K, and high refresh
Weโre already seeing:
- 6K monitors with built-in Thunderbolt 5
- More creators moving to dual-6K or triple-4K setups
- Growing interest in 4K 120Hz / 144Hz on both Mac and Windows
A Thunderbolt 5 dock is built with these display needs in mind:
- Enough headroom for multiple high-res, high-refresh displays
- Bandwidth Boost for video-heavy layouts
- Fewer compromises between โprettyโ and โpossibleโ
Storage & peripherals will only get faster
As PCIe Gen 4 and Gen 5 SSDs become more common in external enclosures, Thunderbolt 4โs 40Gbps link will increasingly be the limiting factor.
Thunderbolt 5 gives:
- More PCIe bandwidth for one or more NVMe drives
- Better scaling when you daisy-chain multiple high-performance devices
- Less chance that your dock becomes the โslowest link in the chainโ
If you think of your dock as part of your infrastructure rather than just another accessory, Thunderbolt 5 is the more future-proof choice.
6. Who should upgrade to Thunderbolt 5 now โ and who can wait?
Upgrade to a Thunderbolt 5 dock now if:
- Youโre a video editor, filmmaker, colorist, 3D artist, photographer, or audio pro working off external NVMe SSDs.
- You rely on a 10GbE NAS or high-speed shared storage.
- Youโre building or upgrading to a Thunderbolt 5 MacBook Pro or Mac Studio and want to maximize what it can do.
- You run multiple 4K/6K displays, especially at higher refresh rates.
- You want a single-cable MacBook dock that will stay relevant for at least the next 3โ5 years.
For this group, a Thunderbolt 5 dock for MacBook, such as the iVANKY FusionDock Max 2, gives you the bandwidth headroom to actually run all of that hardware at once without constantly hitting the limits of a 40Gbps link.
You can safely stay on Thunderbolt 4 / USB-C for now if:
- You mostly browse, email, write, present, and stream.
- You only use one or two 4K 60Hz displays.
- Your external storage is SATA SSDs or older USB drives, not high-end NVMe.
- You donโt have (and donโt plan to add) 10GbE networking.
In that case, a well-designed Thunderbolt 4 MacBook dock like iVANKY FusionDock Max 1 will feel virtually identical in everyday use while being more cost-effective than jumping to Thunderbolt 5.
7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is Thunderbolt 5 backward compatible with Thunderbolt 4 and USB-C?
Yes. Thunderbolt 5 is fully backward compatible:
- You can plug Thunderbolt 4 / Thunderbolt 3 / USB4 / USB-C devices into a Thunderbolt 5 port or dock.
- Those devices will run at their native maximum speeds (for example, 40Gbps for Thunderbolt 4, 10Gbps for USB 3.2).
You wonโt magically turn an old USB drive into a Thunderbolt 5 SSD, but you can use your existing gear without issues.
Do I need new cables to use Thunderbolt 5?
To unlock the full Thunderbolt 5 experienceโ80Gbps bandwidth and 120Gbps Bandwidth Boostโyou need a certified Thunderbolt 5 cable:
- Look for the Thunderbolt logo with a โ5โ
- Check for 240W / 80Gbps / 120Gbps in the specs
Lower-spec cables (older Thunderbolt 3/4 or basic USB-C) will still work, but:
- They may limit you to 40Gbps or less
- Some advanced multi-display or high-speed storage setups may not be achievable
If your Thunderbolt 5 dock includes a cable in the box, use that as your primary host cable.
Can I use a Thunderbolt 5 dock with a Thunderbolt 4 or USB-C computer?
Yes:
- A Thunderbolt 5 dock with a Thunderbolt 4 host will behave like a very capable Thunderbolt 4 dock. Youโll be limited by the hostโs 40Gbps link and display capabilities.
- A Thunderbolt 5 dock with a USB-C host will fall back to USB-C / USB4 behavior. You may still get multiple displays and fast data, but not at full Thunderbolt 5 performance.
This is still a good option if youโre planning to upgrade to a Thunderbolt 5 Mac later but want one dock that works today.
Which current Macs support Thunderbolt 5?
As of late 2025, Thunderbolt 5 ports are available on select higher-end Apple systems, including:
- 14-inch MacBook Pro (M4 Pro / M4 Max)
- 16-inch MacBook Pro (M4 Pro / M4 Max)
- 2025 Mac Studio models
- Mac mini configurations with M4 Pro chips
Most other modern Macs (including many M1โM5 models) still use Thunderbolt 4, which is fully compatible with Thunderbolt 5 docks but doesnโt unlock the extra bandwidth.
Always check Appleโs latest technical specs for your exact Mac model if display counts and resolutions are critical to your setup.
The Bottom Line: Thunderbolt 4 vs. Thunderbolt 5
If your current dock ever feels like the โslowest link in the chainโ, youโre a Thunderbolt 5 candidate. If it never gets in your way, Thunderbolt 4 is still perfectly fine.
A well-designed Thunderbolt 5 dock simply gives you more room to growโinto faster SSDs, higher-resolution displays, bigger projects, and the next generation of Macs.